Intervenciones educativas en resistencia antimicrobiana y gestión antimicrobiana en la educación médica de pregrado

Noé Velázquez-Márquez; Valeska Suárez Vázquez; Laura Brenda Carpinteyro Baez

doi:10.56200/mentor.v5i2.12319

Authors

Noé Velázquez-Márquez Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4188-6891
Valeska Suárez Vázquez Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6915-7441
Laura Brenda Carpinteyro Baez Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56200/mentor.v5i2.12319

Keywords:

Antimicrobial resistance, Medical education, Antimicrobial stewardship, clinical microbiology, rational prescribing

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern and poses a specific challenge for undergraduate medical education. This study aimed to analyze educational interventions on antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship for undergraduate medical students according to delivery modality, content, and evaluated outcomes. A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR. The search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost for the 2016–2026 period. Original studies in English or Spanish were included if they described primary educational interventions with evaluable outcomes. The search retrieved 360 records, and 14 primary studies were included in the final analysis. Of these, 6 interventions were classified as virtual or online, 2 as hybrid, 3 as in-person, and 3 as multimodal or self-directed. Reported outcomes were most often related to knowledge, perception, self-confidence, acceptance, and perceived usefulness, whereas evaluation of applied clinical performance was less frequent. The findings suggest a heterogeneous field and support the need for future interventions with more consistent evaluation of applied performance in undergraduate medical training.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Noé Velázquez-Márquez, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Ph.D. in Microbiology, Professor and Researcher

Valeska Suárez Vázquez, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México

Medical Student (M.D. Program)

Laura Brenda Carpinteyro Baez, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México

Undergraduate Medical Intern

References

Akova, M. (2016). Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections. Virulence, 7(3), 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2016.1159366

Davies, A. P. (2020). Evaluation of a novel antibiotic teaching resource. Medical Science Educator, 30(1), 107–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-00927-y

El-Sokkary, R. H., Badran, S. G., El Seifi, O. S., El-Fakharany, Y. M., & Elsaid Tash, R. M. (2023). Antibiotic prescribing etiquette: An elective course for medical students: Could we recruit potential physicians to fight resistance? BMC Medical Education, 23(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03949-9

Epstein, M., Doan, T.-L., Donaghy, H., Gautam-Goyal, P., Jezek, A., Kwiatkowski, T., Nori, P., Olvet, D. M., Schorr, A., & Willey, J. M. (2025). Introducing stewardship early: Development and evaluation of a multimodal curriculum for second-year medical students. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 12(12), ofaf685. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf685

Gozzer, E., Becerra-Chauca, N., Abba-Aji, M., Wirtz, V. J., Cordoba, G., Canchihuamán, F., Nagassar, R. P., Yañez-Diaz, S., Brou, P. S., Delgado-Flores, C. J., & Koya, S. F. (2025). Antimicrobial resistance interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean: A scoping review of reported interventions between 2018–2024. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 14(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01629-z

Launer, D. (2022). Can medical students do anything useful to support the antimicrobial resistance agenda?. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 4(5), dlac110. https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlac110

Laks, M., Morales Guerra, C., Miraglia, J. L., & Medeiros, E. A. (2019). Distance learning in antimicrobial stewardship: Innovation in medical education. BMC Medical Education, 19(1), 191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1623-x

Malli, I. A., Mohamud, M. S., & Al-Nasser, S. (2023). Enhancing medical students’ confidence and knowledge in antibiotic prescription and administration through virtual education: A quasi-experimental study. Antibiotics, 12(10), 1546. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12101546

Naghavi, M., Vollset, S. E., Ikuta, K. S., Swetschinski, L. R., Gray, A. P., Wool, E. E., ... & Dekker, D. M. (2024). Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050. The Lancet, 404(10459), 1199–1226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01867-1

Nowbuth, A. A., Steinsbekk, A. I., Wasteson, Y., Llarena, A.-K., & Parmar, V. S. (2025). Understanding antimicrobial resistance education among medical and veterinary students in Norway: A cross-sectional survey. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 7(6), dlaf211. https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlaf211

O’Donnell, L. A., & Guarascio, A. J. (2017). The intersection of antimicrobial stewardship and microbiology: Educating the next generation of health care professionals. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 364(1), fnw281. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw281

Orok, E., Ikpe, F., Williams, T., & Ekada, I. (2025). Impact of educational intervention on knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use patterns among healthcare students: A pre- and post-intervention study. BMC Medical Education, 25, 283. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-06856-x

Papan, C., Gärtner, B. C., Simon, A., Müller, R., Fischer, M. R., Darici, D., Becker, S. L., Last, K., & Bushuven, S. (2025). Stewards for future: Piloting a medical undergraduate elective on antimicrobial stewardship. GMS Journal for Medical Education, 42(1), Doc9. https://doi.org/10.3205/zma001733

Sayyadi-Rahaghi, N., Banafsheh, H., Abbasi, R., Jeddi, F. R., & Nabovati, E. (2023). Effect of e-learning on appropriate antibiotic prescribing by medical students: A quasi-experimental study during COVID-19 pandemic. International Archives of Health Sciences, 10(1), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_69_22

Sikkens, J. J., Caris, M. G., Schutte, T., Kramer, M. H. H., Tichelaar, J., & van Agtmael, M. A. (2018). Improving antibiotic prescribing skills in medical students: The effect of e-learning after 6 months. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 73(8), 2243–2246. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky163

Stevens, N. T., Bruen, C., Boland, F., Pawlikowska, T., Fitzpatrick, F., & Humphreys, H. (2019). Is online case-based learning effective in helping undergraduate medical students choose the appropriate antibiotics to treat important infections? JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 1(3), dlz081. https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlz081

Tsopra, R., Courtine, M., Sedki, K., Eap, D., Cabal, M., Cohen, S., Bouchaud, O., Mechaï, F., & Lamy, J.-B. (2020). AntibioGame®: A serious game for teaching medical students about antibiotic use. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 136, 104074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104074

Tulloch, L. G., Relan, A., Curello, J., Martin, E., Patel, R., & Vijayan, T. (2019). Using modified team-based learning to teach antimicrobial stewardship to medical students: One institution’s approach. Medical Science Educator, 29(4), 1179–1185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-019-00804-3

Varghese, S. R., & Kwatra, G. (2023). Development and implementation of a self-directed learning module on antimicrobial resistance for Phase 2 MBBS students. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 66(1), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_600_21

Wang, R., Degnan, K. O., Luther, V. P., Szymczak, J. E., Goren, E. N., Logan, A., Shnekendorf, R., & Hamilton, K. W. (2021). Development of a multifaceted antimicrobial stewardship curriculum for undergraduate medical education: The Antibiotic Stewardship, Safety, Utilization, Resistance, and Evaluation (ASSURE) elective. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 8(6), ofab231. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab231

Weeks, S., Drovandi, A., Turner, R., Garraghan, F., Shorten, R., Byrne-Davis, L., & Hart, J. (2026). A systematic review of antimicrobial stewardship education for undergraduate students in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary science and midwifery using COM-B framework. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 8(1), dlaf245 https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlaf245

Wiese-Posselt, M., Saydan, S., Lâm, T.-T., Rörig, A., Bergmann, C., Becker, F., Kurzai, O., Feufel, M. A., & Schneider, S. (2025). Development and evaluation of a massive open online course (MOOC) to teach medical students the prudent use of antibiotics. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 14(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01640-4

World Health Organization. (2024). WHO bacterial priority pathogens list, 2024: Bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240093461