Efecto del ejercicio físico sobre la función cognitiva global en adultos con deterioro cognitivo leve: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56200/mentor.v5i2.12349Palabras clave:
Deterioro Cognitivo Leve, Ejercicio Físico, Función Cognitiva, Adultos MayoresResumen
El envejecimiento poblacional incrementa la prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL), asociado con un mayor riesgo de demencia, lo que resalta la necesidad de intervenciones no farmacológicas, como el ejercicio físico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto del ejercicio físico estructurado sobre la función cognitiva global en adultos con DCL. Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis, siguiendo las guías PRISMA, en PubMed, EBSCO y Cochrane CENTRAL (2016-2026). Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados en adultos con DCL tratados con ejercicio estructurado, con el Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) como resultado principal y un modelo de efectos aleatorios. Se incluyeron seis estudios (n = 363). El ejercicio mostró una diferencia de medias de -2.22 puntos en MoCA (IC 95%: -3.34 a -1.10; p = 0.004), a favor de la intervención. Cuatro estudios presentaron estimaciones a favor del ejercicio, mientras que dos incluyeron el valor nulo. La heterogeneidad fue alta (I² = 82%) y el intervalo de predicción (-4.74 a 0.31) evidenció variabilidad en los efectos. Estos resultados sugieren que el ejercicio físico estructurado mejora la función cognitiva global en adultos con DCL; sin embargo, la variabilidad de los resultados y las limitaciones metodológicas dificultan determinar parámetros ideales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Rosa Valeria Chagala Passi, Isaac Eduardo López Saavedra, Heider Miguel González Ramírez, Giovana Itzel Labastida Cordova, José Enrique González Turcott, María Evelina Torres García
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
