Ejercicio multicomponente como estrategia para la prevención de fragilidad en adultos mayores: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56200/mentor.v5i15.12831Palabras clave:
Ejercicio Multicomponente, Fragilidad, Adulto Mayor, Revisión SistemáticaResumen
La fragilidad es uno de los principales síndromes geriátricos asociados con el deterioro funcional, caídas, discapacidad y perdida de autonomía en adultos mayores. El objetivo fue sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad del ejercicio multicomponente para prevenir o reducir la fragilidad en adultos mayores. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a las directrices de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020, mediante búsqueda en PubMed, Wos y Scopus, con evaluación metodológica mediante la escala Physiotherapy Evidence Database para estudios aleatorizados, Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions para estudios no aleatorizados y Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation para la certeza de la evidencia. Se incluyeron veinte estudios que mostraron una dirección generalmente favorable del ejercicio multicomponente sobre la fragilidad, la fuerza muscular, el equilibrio, la marcha y la capacidad funcional; sin embargo, la calidad metodológica fue heterogénea y la certeza de la evidencia fue predominantemente baja. Los resultados se interpretaron considerando el riesgo de sesgo, la inconsistencia, la indirectitud y la imprecisión identificada, se concluyó que el ejercicio multicomponente constituyó una estrategia prometedora para el manejo de la fragilidad en adultos mayores, aunque fueron necesarios estudios multicéntricos con protocolos estandarizados para fortalecer la evidencia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ronald Garces Quilambaqui, Iván Jaya Pineda
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
