Use of Digital Tools in the Teaching of Clinical Pharmacology from an Evolutionary ICT-LKT-EPT Approach

Authors

  • Carolina Sánchez Sánchez Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México
  • Mario Carrera Ortega Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2808-6607
  • Víctor Hugo Sampayo Pelcaztre Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6732-9200
  • Valeria Natalhie Bahena Juárez Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México
  • José Cabrera Hernández Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6272-3764

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56200/mentor.v5i2.12348

Keywords:

Clinical pharmacology, Medical education, ICT-LKT-EPP, Educational technology

Abstract

The teaching of clinical pharmacology has incorporated various digital technologies, whose use can be analyzed through the ICT-LKT-EPT model. The objective was to identify their application in medical students through a qualitative systematic review of articles published between 2010 and 2026 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and SciELO, following the PRISMA 2020 statement and a categorical analysis at three levels:  ICT, LKT, and EPT. Thirty studies were included, with a predominance of descriptive designs and literature reviews, and a lower proportion of quasi-experimental and qualitative studies. The results showed a predominance of technologies classified as ICT, mainly oriented toward access to information, as well as a relevant presence of LKT focused on guided learning. In contrast, EPT, related to active participation and collaborative knowledge construction, were less frequent. Overall, these findings indicate that the use of digital technologies in clinical pharmacology education is concentrated at the levels of information access and guided learning, with a lower representation of approaches focused on active participation, in accordance with the ICT–LKT–EPT model.

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Author Biographies

Carolina Sánchez Sánchez, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México

Pharmaceutical Biochemist with a Master’s degree in Management and Innovation in Public Health, with five years of professional experience in the hospital setting in the areas of clinical pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, and pharmacovigilance, focused on the safe and rational use of medicines and on the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of patients.

I have six years of experience in university teaching in medicine and nursing programs, where I have taught subjects such as pharmacology, biochemistry, genetics, and immunology. My academic work focuses on the teaching of applied pharmacology, promoting the integration of basic knowledge with clinical reasoning and the rational prescription of medicines.

I have participated in scientific poster competitions at the national and international level, obtaining various recognitions with research focused on pharmacology, antimicrobial resistance, and therapeutic strategies. I currently work as a full-time professor in the area of health sciences, also participating in tutoring activities, development of didactic material, and research projects oriented toward pharmacology education and the strengthening of the training of health professionals.

Mario Carrera Ortega, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México

Pharmaceutical Biochemist, Master’s degree in Health Institutions Administration and currently pursuing a Master’s degree in Educational Innovation. I hold diploma certifications in Education in Chemical-Biological Sciences and in Quality Improvement in Healthcare Organizations.

I work as a lecturer at the Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla (USEP) and at the Universidad Cristóbal Colón. I have more than ten years of experience in hospital quality management and pharmacy administration, participating in continuous improvement processes, healthcare service management, and the strengthening of institutional practices in the health sector.

I have participated in several presentations at both national and international levels, and I currently serve as the director of a Labor Competency Certification Center, mainly focused on training and certification in the areas of education, pharmaceutical services, and hospital quality management.

My lines of interest and research focus on healthcare administration, quality management, and hospital legislation, areas in which I carry out academic activities, research, and scientific dissemination.

Víctor Hugo Sampayo Pelcaztre, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México

I am a medical student currently undergoing academic training in the field of health sciences. Throughout my university studies, I have developed knowledge in various medical areas, particularly in physiology, pharmacology, microbiology, and as a teaching assistant in the subject of surgery.

During my academic training, I have conducted research work, scientific literature reviews, and analysis of clinical guidelines, which has allowed me to strengthen my skills in the management of evidence-based medical information.

Likewise, I have participated in the analysis of clinical records and in discussions of bioethical aspects related to medical practice. I am interested in maintaining constant academic updating through the consultation of scientific articles, academic databases, and specialized books, with the objective of strengthening my training and developing competencies that will allow me to provide comprehensive and high-quality medical care in the future.

Valeria Natalhie Bahena Juárez , Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México

Medical student at the University of Health Sciences of the State of Puebla, with a current GPA of 9.34 and a strong interest in morphological sciences and clinical practice. From August 2024 to December 2025, I served as a Teaching Assistant in the Human Anatomy course, an experience that strengthened my academic training and my interest in teaching.

In May 2025, I became a Student Member of the Mexican Society of Anatomy. I have participated in various academic and scientific activities, including the XVI National Student Morphology Competition during the XXX National Congress of Anatomy, as well as the presentation of research posters at the XXX Interinstitutional Research Conference in Health Sciences of the State of Puebla.

I have also collaborated in the organization of academic events and have completed clinical training experiences in healthcare institutions such as IMSS, ISSSTEP, and ISSSTE, strengthening my comprehensive medical education.

     

José Cabrera Hernández , Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla México

Sixth-semester medical student at the Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, where I maintain a GPA of 9.11 and a strong commitment to scientific excellence, particularly in the field of biochemistry. My academic development is characterized by a proactive profile that led me to serve as a University Teaching Assistant from August 2024 to December 2025, collaborating in academic planning, the development of teaching materials, and the supervision of laboratory practices. In the clinical field, I have strengthened my training through rotations at CESSA and clinics. I am currently continuing to expand my experience at ISSSTEP during the first quarter of 2026, integrating my medical practice with active participation in community health activities and preventive education programs.

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Published

2026-04-15

How to Cite

Sánchez Sánchez, C., Carrera Ortega, M., Sampayo Pelcaztre, V. H., Bahena Juárez , V. N., & Cabrera Hernández , J. (2026). Use of Digital Tools in the Teaching of Clinical Pharmacology from an Evolutionary ICT-LKT-EPT Approach. MENTOR Revista De investigación Educativa Y Deportiva , 5(2), 324–341. https://doi.org/10.56200/mentor.v5i2.12348

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): 2 Special Issue

Section

Review Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Carolina Sánchez Sánchez, Mario Carrera Ortega, Víctor Hugo Sampayo Pelcaztre, Valeria Natalhie Bahena Juárez , José Cabrera Hernández

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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